Engine-governor.



PATENTED JAN. 8, 1905.

D. W. PAYNE.

ENGINE GOVERNOR. APPLICATION FILED APR.2Z,1904.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

INVENTOR ATTORNEY paw; Am

PATENTED JAN. 3, 1905-.

D. W. PAYNE. ENGINE GOVERNOR.

APPLICATION FILED APR.22,1904

2 SHBETS-SHBET 2.

INVENTOR WQWS WITNESSES:

XMAMV BY EAML ATTORNEY UNITED STATES Patented January 3, 190 5.

PATENT OFFICE.

DAVID W. PAYNE, OF ELMIRA, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO SARAH K. PAYNE, OFELMIRA, NEW YORK.

ENGINE-GOVERNOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 779,373, dated January3, 1905. Application filed April 22, 1904. Serial No. 204,406.

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that 1, DAVID TV. PAYNE. a citizen of the United States,residing at Elmira, in the county of Uhemung and State of New York, haveinvented a certain new and useful Improvement in Engine-Governors, ofwhich the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in ball-governors; and my objectis to provide an arrangement of centripetal springs whereby a governorof this type without being made isochronous will be given the closestpossible approach to that condition consistcntwith good regulation ofthe controlling mechanism.

My improvement is based on the principle that the difference in momentsof the weights between their maximum and minimum positions shall alwaysbe greater than the difference between the spring moments for the sameposition. The application of this principle to a fly-wheel governor hasalready been described in my Letters Patent No. 7 35,408, dated August4, 1903.

' My present invention consists in establishing such a relation betweenthe weights and the springs in a ball-governor as to comply with thiscondition and to also arrive at the closest approach to equilibriumbetween the centrifugal moments of the weights and the centripetalmoments of the springs consistent with the closest possible regulationof the machine under control. To accomplish this end, the moments of theweights must always increase in passing from minimum to maximumpositions and the tension of the springs when at rest must be a definitefunction of their extension, as will be hereinafter more fully setforth.

In a pendulum-governor of the Watt type the angular velocity isdependent upon the relation between the height of the point ofsuspension above the centers of gravity of the weights and the radius ofthe path described by the centers of gravity and is determined WVith theusual length of arms changes in the height of the balls occur slowly,and with short arms the range of movement is greatly reduced. In eithercase too great a change in angular velocity is required for closeregulation. This condition is largely removed by supplying centripetalresistance by means of a weight or springs tending to restrain the ballstoward their minimum path.

Spring-loaded governors are the only ones with which this improvementhas to do. In any form of spring-loaded ball-governor let a and arepresent the centrifugal moments at the minimum and maximum positionsof the balls, respectively, and let (Z and (Z represent the lever-armsof the springs at corresponding positions. LetX equal the initialtension of the spring, E equal the extension of spring due to theexpansion of the balls, and S equal the scale of the spring. Then thespring moments at the minimum and maximum positions will be,respectively, S (ZX and S d (X-l-E). Since the difference between thecentrifugal m0- ments is by my construction to be made greater than thedifference between the spring moments, we have At the maximum positionthe centrifugal and spring moments must be equal. Therefore S (Z, I (6\Vlllch gives S Substituting this value for S in (1) and resolving forX, we get to illustrate the application of my principle.

Referring first to Fig. 3, this illustrates in skeleton form the usualtype of Watt gov- 5 ing on the spindle or not.

ernor, in which A represents the revolving l attaching the springswhereby the axis of the spindle; B. the point of suspension of the lspring is parallel with or perpendicular to the Weights or balls C C,said balls being represented by full lines in their lowest or minimumpositions and by broken lines at C C at their highest or maximumpositions. The balls C are coupled at D D by links to a revolving andsliding yoke F, by which the valve-adjusting mechanism is actuated. D 1)represent the positions of these points of link attachments when theballs are at their maximum positions. S represents a spring which iscompressed between the sliding yoke F and a fixed collar L on spindle Awhen the balls are thrown out. E represents the distance through whichthe yoke F rises on the spindle A as the balls pass from minimum tomaximum position, or, in other words, the amount of compression of thespring due to the movement of the balls. (Z is the radius of the pathdescribed by the balls in their lowest position, and (Z the radius fortheir highest position, and these radii are the same as the lever-armsfor the spring moments, which act upon the weights about the center ofsuspension B. If the values for a, a, (Z, and (Z derived from thisarrangement are substituted in the formula 2, we will find that a cZ aCl and that therefore X will become a negative quantity. Hence this typeof spring-loaded governor in which the line of spring action iscoincident or parallel with the axis of the spindle will not comply withthe principle enunciated, and it is immaterial whether the spring is oneof compression or extension.

In Fig. 4 l have represented another usual arrangement of springattachment for this type of governor, in which the governorballs areconnected together by springs which lie at right angles to the spindle.In this arrangement the lever-arms of the centrifugal and spring momentswill hey the same, being represented by (Z and d in the minimum andmaximum positions of the weights, and it will be evident that theextension of the spring due to the movement of the balls will be equalto 2(7"- The initial tension of the spring in ordinary cases where thespring is so attached will be about 4E and will be so great as toexhaust the possible capacity of the spring. For instance, where by thescale to which the diagrams are drawn we have 0' 5. 34: inches, 1' 6.42inches, cl: 7 .24 inches, and d: 5.37 inches E will equal 2.15 inches,and applying the formula we will get X 88 inches, which makes the totallength of extension 10.95 inches. This is greater than the distancebetween the centers of the weights at their lowest position, since 2710.68 inches, and my formula cannot, therefore, be applied to a governorwith this arrangement of the spring.

It is immaterial whether the governor has the auxiliary links connectedto a yoke slid- Any method of axis of revolution will be foundincompatible with the requirements of my formula.

It will appear from an inspection of formula 2, giving the value of X,that the initial tension of the spring is a function of the extension ofthe spring and that, therefore, in order to keep X within the limits ofordinary construction the extension E must be kept as small as may bewithout necessitating too powerful springs. In Figs. 1 and 2 and thediagram shown in Fig. 5 I have illustrated how springs may be attachedto a ball-governor to derive the proper spring tension to comply withthe requirements of my formula.

In Figs. 1 and 2 I have shown a construction of governor which is muchin use and have applied thereto the centripetal springs in such manneras to bring this governor within the requirements of my formula. In thefigures, A represents the driving-spindle; B, the point of suspension ofthe weights C C, the extreme position of the weights being indicated atG C. These weights are coupled by links at the points D to the revolvingyoke F, which also slides up and down upon the spindle A as the weightsexpand and contract,

said yoke carrying with it the hollow spindle I J, which actuates thevalve-setting mechanism. K represents the stationary standard for thegovernor. The springs S are coupled at one end to the weights at thepoints Grand at the other end to arms H, projecting out from the yoke Fin such positions as to place the springs at an angle to the axis ofrotation, l I represent the adjusting stems for the springs, which areloosely mounted in cupshaped sockets in the arms H for the purpose ofsetting up the springs to the required tension when adjusting thegovernor.

By referring to Fig. 5 we will have, as before, 0 43.341 inches, ":6. i2inches, /t:7.125 inches, and /t 6.31 inches; but (Z will now be found toequal 8.88 inches and (Z so little different that we may call them thesame. The extension of the spring, owing to this arrangement, is verysmallin fact, E:0.187 inches. Substituting these values in the formula2, the values of a and a being the same as derived for the otherfigures, we getX 2.03& inches, which is entirely within practicablelimits.

It will be noted that by reason of attaching one end of the springs tothe sliding yoke and the other end to the balls one end of a spring willpass from the point H to the point H while the other end is passing fromthe point C to the point C as the weights pass from minimum to maximumpositions. The extension of the springs is therefore less than it wouldbe if the point H Were fixed. In other words, there is a differentialextension of the spring in passing from the minimum to the maximumposition, and to this I attach great importance, as it enables me toapply my formula with greater precision, since this variable extensionof the spring, in connection with the variable lever-arms (Z and OZ,gives a spring effort having a variable increment, and it is possible toso locate the points of spring attachment that a line plotted toindicate the stress of the spring through its range of action may becurved so as to approach more closely the line representing thecentrifugal moments. It is to be understood, however, that these curvesmust not be brought into coincidence, since if that were to happen thecentrifugal and centripetal efforts would be so balanced as to renderthe governor oversensitive and unstable in action. It is to guardagainst this thatI so arrange the springs as to keep the difference inspring moments less than the difference between the centrifugal moments.

It is not essential that one point of attachment of the spring shall beat the ball and the other at the movable yoke. One point of at tachmentmay be on the auxiliary links and the other at a point distant from thecenter of the weight, as indicated at S in Fig. 5, or where there are noauxiliary links the springs may be attached in some such position asrepresented at S, the differential extension being retained in eithercase. This differential extension, however, is not essential in theapplication of my formula within the requirements of the ordinarygovernor, as in some arrangements of weights and supporting-arms one endof the spring may have to be attached to a point revolving in a fixedpath. In this latter arrangement there will be a constant increment inthe extension of the spring, for which due allowance must be made inapplying the formula.

In applying the springs to any given ballgovernor in such manner thatthe line of spring action will lie at an angle to the axis of rotation Iam unable to bring the spring moments within the limits of my formulaand to apply said formula so as to meet the different requirements inthis type of governor, thereby accomplishing a much closer regulationand control of the valve mechanism than has heretofore been obtainable.I may also apply the differential extension feature as described aboveto the springs attached to shaft or flywheel governors with equally goodresults, and I therefore do not desire to be limited in this respect toany particular type of governor.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In a governor, a pivotally mounted weight revolving about an axis ofrotation, means whereby said weight will act to adjust a valvegear, anda centripetal spring acting upon said weight, said spring being set torotate in a path inclined to the axis of rotation and being given aninitial tension and an extension whereby the difference between thecentrifugal moments .of the weight at maximum and minimum positions willbe greater than the difference between the spring moments for the samepositions with reference to the point of suspension of the weight.

2. In a governor, a pivotally mounted weight revolving about an axis ofrotation, means whereby said weight will act to adjust a valve-gear, anda centripetal spring acting upon said weight, said spring being set atan incline with reference to the axis of rotation whereby the spring maybe given an initial tension which will be approximately equal to a d Eor greater than in which a and a a (Z a (Z are the moments of the weightat minimum and maximum positions, (Z and (Z,the leverarms of the springefforts at the same position, and E, the extension of the spring.

8. In a governor, adriving-spindle, aweight pivotally mounted on saidspindle, a sliding yoke on said spindle coupled to and revolving withsaid weight, means connected with said yoke for adjusting a valve-gear,and a centripetal spring coupled at one end to the weight and at theother end to the yoke.

In testimony whereof I have afiixed my signature in" presence of twowitnesses.

DAVID WV. PAYNE. Witnesses:

G. M. DIVEN,

VERBEOK.

